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I can see why some struggle with this because it doesnt seem logical that you can connect a larger bore pipe to a smaller bore where the smaller bore one is the "live" end but yes it can an does work and why?

Well fluid flow is about a lot of different things. Pipe diameter, differential pressure, resistivity of pipe wall,atmospheric pressure etc.

Think about this...in a 20 storey block of flats, you test the standing pressure at the meter in flat 1 ground floor. Its 18mb.

You then have another job in flat 150 on the 19th floor. The standing pressure there is 23mb..why?

You have a meter with only a bit of 15mm cu coming off it and buried in the wall going upstairs. You want to fit a boiler upstairs but the customer doesnt want new piping/decor ripping apart. You do some sums and you realise that at the outlet of the 15mm pipe you can get the discharge rate you need for your boiler maintaining 1mb or less pressure drop. You cant run any more 15mm as the discharge rate/pressure would drop. You can though, connect on some 22mm which would maintain the discharge rate and keep drop below 1mb.
 

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