Can anyone explain why when the pump is set to 3 the cylinder noise can only just be heard when standing next to it but on setting one as stated it can be heard throughout the house?
The pump speed affects the frequency spectrum of the driving force transmitted from the pump to the cylinder via the pipework and the water it contains. The amplitude of motion in a resonant system depends on the frequency spectrum of the force driving it. In addition, the pipework in the house forms a complicated system of coupled oscillators and dampers. How well it transmits sound between points is also frequency dependent.
Conventional piping and clipping rules mean that one doesn't usually experience problems, which usually manifest themselves as 'water hammer'.