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secondary

A secondary chord is an analytical label for a specific harmonic device that is prevalent in the tonal idiom of Western music beginning in the common practice period: the use of diatonic functions for tonicization.
Secondary chords are a type of altered or borrowed chord, chords that are not part of the music piece's key. They are the most common sort of altered chord in tonal music. Secondary chords are referred to by the function they have and the key or chord in which they function. Conventionally, they are written with the notation "function/key". Thus, the most common secondary chord, the dominant of the dominant, is written "V/V" and read as "five of five" or "the dominant of the dominant". The major or minor triad on any diatonic scale degree may have any secondary function applied to it; secondary functions may even be applied to diminished triads in some special circumstances.
Secondary chords were not used until the Baroque period and are found more frequently and freely in the Classical period, even more so in the Romantic period. Composers began to use them less frequently with the breakdown of conventional harmony in modern classical music—but secondary dominants are a cornerstone of popular music and jazz in the 20th century.

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  1. G

    Secondary return problem

    Had a customer contact me today. They have brought a property that has an unvented cylinder with a secondary return. The property has been extended the hot taps in the original side of the house work ok but the hot taps in the extension side run hot for a few seconds then go cold. The run is...
    • Gav692
    • Thread
    • america problem return secondary usa
    • Replies: 2
    • Forum: USA
  2. B

    Secondary Return Pump Noise / Air ?

    Hi, Recently I noticed that we were running out of HW more than expected, perhaps it’s people are taking more baths but I wanted to check out if the pair of Vaillant uniSTOR’s were both heating, thinking that maybe I had a problem with one of the Zone Valves were not heating one of the tanks...
  3. N

    Cold tap running warm for 20 secs

    New build job, 4 zones, unvented cylinder and boiler on top 3rd floor, cold main in 28mm comes up through voids were it could be picking up heat from sec return and heating circs. These voids are well insulated. The builder is saying the pipes should have been lagged everywhere to stop heat...
  4. M

    Secondary Hot Water Return on Pumped Shower supply.

    New Shower being installed - thermo mixer - new shower is around 60 feet from HW cyclinder, multiple swept 90 deg bends plus around 10 feet of vertical rise, so negative head - 22mm pipe is installed (15mm last 1 meter) - without pump - dribble so intend fitting dedicated Salmander 3 bar pump...
  5. Scott_D

    Horizontal unvented - secondary return

    Is it true that a horizontal unvented must have a secondary return pump fitted for destratification? @chris watkins
  6. M

    Location of secondary return pump and return pipe for underfloor heating.

    I am fitting a secondary return on a system, tank will be in the loft. All the pipework goes up to the loft at the back of a cupboard, I would like the pump to go on the return pipe in here so it is easily accessable for maintenance. My collegue says he thinks it should go to as near to the tank...
  7. M

    Secondary heat exchanger cleaning

    Has anyone tried to clean a partially blocked secondary heat exchanger using system chemicals instead of removing and acid cleaning or replacing it. Got a vokera procombi 85 he which goes cold unless the flow is very low.
  8. M

    Adding a secondary return to a system

    Hi, what do people a think is the best way to add a secondary return to an unvented cylinder install. The scenario is I am quoting to replace a gravity system with an unvented. The bathroom furthest away takes around 2 minutes to get hot water. The problem is all the floors are glued and...
  9. C

    Secondary heat exchanger.

    I think I’m going to get the secondary heat exchanger changed on my Baxi Platinum 28HE as my heating engineer has already cleaned it out a few year ago. My hot water is now once again fluctuating warm/hot as it did before. As a point of curiosity is there much difference between a 16 plate and...
  10. Matt0167

    Secondary ecv in an apartment block

    Hi guys can any of you point me to the regs regarding secondary ecv to a flat The flats are 3 storeys high with internal gas rises in a cupboard on the communial landing , This would be perfect for secondary ecv, I know it's meant to be point of entry to the flat but this is just not...
  11. S

    Adding a booster pump to a secondary system

    Hi, thanks for reading post. I’m working in a large house which has 3 upstairs bathrooms all with showers and baths. Hot water pressure is very poor so looking to add a booster pump to the hot side. Cold is taken from mains to all bathrooms. Have added booster pump to system and turned off...
  12. M

    Really loud noise when secondary...

    Pump is running through Megaflow. Turn off the outlets and it is fine. Find this on top of the cylinder, was this normal to put on top of cylinder? So the secondary return goes into the cold feed which taps into the top of this...
  13. J

    DHW secondary return pump - which do you recommend?

    What is/are the best bronze/stainless steel DHW secondary return pump's on the market for largish domestic applications?
  14. N

    Lukewarm 'hot' water - secondary heat exchanger already changed

    Hi, I'm looking for help with a persistent problem. I have a Vaillant TurboMax Plus 837E combination boiler which appears to be in fine working order. However, it provides only lukewarm water to the taps and shower. To date three engineers have looked at it but failed to resolve the problem...
  15. L

    Secondary return on cylinder

    Hi was looking for bit of help with secon day pump. Was asked to replace a secondart pump the other day in a hotel which I done. After fitting the new pump when the pump is flowing the pressure decreases quite considerably, the pressure drops even more depending on which speed the pump is set...
  16. gmartine

    Shower pump feed off 15mm secondary return?

    The open vent cylinder is stainless with the neck too small to fit a surrey flange and I'm just plain reluctant to try and fit an essex flange in stainless. I could just tee off the HW outlet but is there a flange out there with a narrow (less than 15mm) dip tube or I'm thinking I could make...
  17. M

    Main 15he secondary hex leaking

    Hi chaps. I have been to the above boiler where there is water running down the side of the combustion chamber. Where the secondary hex is on the opposite side. The connection where it is leaking looks like aluminium foil? Anyone got any experience of these and can advice. Please see the image...
  18. A

    spring baffles in secondary heat exchanger

    Hi chaps, Pet hate of mine..... but just how do you clean these darned springs in a warm flow HE boiler? cheers dave
  19. cr0ft

    CT and VT Secondary Circuits

    Hi all, So as most of you know I'm in my new job and trying to get my head around our commercial heating systems. Unfortunately, there is no one there to show me round each system or it's quirks :( Most of our buildings have no schematics for the plumbing either :( Q1 - My understanding of...
  20. R

    secondary return location

    Have to put in a secondary return pump to deal with a new en-suite 16m from 250L pressurised cylinder (digital shower and basin to feed). Does 22mm out and 15mm return with a Grundfos UP15-14B on the 15mm return seem OK. Any thoughts on whether pump should be located in the en-suite (easier...
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